Environmental Geology GEOL 406/506

STUDY GUIDE - EXAM #2

Read this carefully:

Be prepared to answer discussion questions dealing with major concepts we covered in the modules or in class. Your answers should cover all the salient parts of the concept as well as provide meaningful connection to other concepts learned along the way.

Here are some examples:

• major types of volcanoes and their volcanic hazards
• difference between primary and secondary volcanic hazards
• volumes and frequencies of occurrence of pyroclastic eruptions
• difference between primary and secondary porosities
• how porosity, grain size and other physical properties affect hydraulic conductivity
• specific retention and specific yield
• water chemistry: cations, anions, and trace metals
• cation and anion balance
• difference between effluent and influent streams, water flow
• point source vs. nonpoint source pollution
• shapes of groundwater pollutant plumes
• biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), natural remediation
• leaking underground storage tanks (LUST)
• treatment of wastewater
• Darcy's Law, ALL parameters
• controls on the direction of groundwater movement
• water pH defined in terms of Ksp

Look up and know ALL words at the end of each chapter and those that were discussed in class.

Read the case studies on hazards.

There will be 10 short answer questions worth 6 points each, and two discussion questions worth 20 points each. Completeness is always a factor in grading. Look up words you either do not know or need to understand better.

BONUS QUESTION: There will be a three-point bonus question!!